培养勇士精神
《心理韧性》培养勇士精神,页面无弹窗的全文阅读!
在我们的社会中，我们通常认为道德行为是由一种我们或有或无的道德品质所决定的。与此同时，我们并未领会勇士传统的真理：品格并非固定不变，它来自不断培养美德、拓宽耐受窗及做出明智决策等行为。换句话说，我们可以通过训练和坚持不懈地练习来强化自己的品格。
从古至今，勇士传统注重的是培养智慧与勇气，因为人们明白自身需要兼具这两种品质才能充分发挥其中一种。这两种品质可以共同帮助我们获得能动性。
然而，现代的勇士并没有对等地培养这两种品质。现代高可靠性组织培训方式大多忽视了培养智慧的具体实践。这种不平衡很可能会导致冲动决策、判断失误、不道德与暴力行为，以及过去20年里我们看到的精神损害行为的增加。即使在最极端的情况下，勇士精神也构成了我们“最后的道德准则”，但前提是智慧和勇气能够得到同等发展。
MMFT以数千年来的勇士传统为基础，并且怀着同样的愿望去培养人们的智慧和勇气，这是人们找到能动性、在适应压力的情况下有效运作并在之后得到恢复所必需的两种品质。实际上，MMFT的第一个模块明确强调了勇士传统，并将它的技能培训放在了这样一个道德框架之中。
具体而言，MMFT培养了两种替代性技能：注意力控制和挑战耐受力，而它们实际上就是智慧和勇气在每时每刻的微观体现。此外，通过有意识地整合正念技术与神经系统的自我调控方式，MMFT指导人们拓宽自己的耐受窗，从而提高他们的思考脑在压力下发挥作用，做出符合道德标准且有效的决策的能力。MMFT也提高了人们在极端事件中获得能动性的可能性，同时降低了他们经历创伤的可能性。
我们无法预测未来，但可以培养出适用于未来任何可能性的品质，尤其是智慧和勇气。要想在任何时刻唤醒智慧，我们只需要问一问：现在正在发生什么？而若想唤起勇气，我们只需要问问自己：我可以接受这样的经历、它现在的样子并且不需要它有所改变吗？
尽管并非所有人都会经历战斗，我们依然可以通过源自勇士传统的通用领域训练培养我们内在的勇士精神。随着我们耐受窗的拓宽，我们便可以学着在生活的各个方面表现出智慧和勇气，并且获得能动性。无论我们身处压力-创伤连续体的什么位置，我们都可以相信自己有能力表现得灵活、坚韧和足智多谋。要想做到这一点，我们首先要教会自己的思考脑和生存脑协同运作，而这正是我们接下来要讨论的。
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[25]Nancy Sherman, Stoic Warriors: The Ancient Philosophy Behind the Military Mind (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 67, 117.
[26]公案是禅宗术语，指禅宗祖师的一段言语或是一个小故事，通常与禅宗祖师的开悟过程或教学片段相关。禅师在示法时，或用问答，或用动作，或二者兼用，来启迪众徒，以使顿悟。——译者注
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[30]Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, ii, 4.
[31]Musashi, The Book of Five Rings, 12. 另见：Richard Strozzi-Heckler, In Search of the Warrior Spirit: Teaching Awareness Disciplines to the Green Berets, Third Edition (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2003), 33-34.
[32]Quoted in Sherman, Stoic Warriors, 33.
[33]Sun Tzu, The Art of War: Denma Translation (Boston: Shambala, 2002), 16.
[34]Sun Tzu, The Art of War, 5.
[35]Chogyam Trungpa, Shambala: The Sacred Path of the Warrior (Boston:Shambala, 2007), 9.
[36]Steven Pressfield, The Warrior Ethos (Los Angeles: Black Irish Entertainment,2011), 13.
[37]爱比克泰德（约55—约135年）是古罗马最著名的斯多葛学派哲学家之一。——译者注
[38]Sherman, Stoic Warriors, 10.