[1] Stiglitz,‘Keynesian Economics and the Critique of First Fundamental Theo-rem’(2002),46.
[2] Düppe and Weintraub,Finding Equilibrium(2014),xi;above,chapter 1.
[3] On Pareto efficiency,see above,3,17.
[4] Arrow and Hahn,General Competitive Analysis(1971),vii;Stiglitz,‘The In-visible Hand’(1991);Blaug,‘The Fundamental Theorems of Modern Welfare Economics’(2007);above,19.
[5] Lipsey and Lancaster,‘The General Theory of the Second Best’(1956);Lip-sey,‘Reflections on the General Theory of Second Best’(1950),350-351;Stiglitz,‘Keynesian Economics and the Critique of First Fundamental Theo-rem’(2002);anticipated by Little,Critique of Welfare Economics(1950/2002),preface to 2002 ed.,vii-viii.
[6] Stiglitz,‘The Invisible Hand’(1991),35;Düppe and Weintraub,Finding Equilibrium(2014);Blaug,‘The Fundamental Theorems of Modern Welfare Economics’(2007),198-199.
[7] Harberger,‘Three Basic Postulates for Applied Welfare Economics’(1971).
[8] Chapter 9,above,200-203.
[9] Little and Mirrlees,Project Appraisal and Planning(1974).
[10] Harberger,Project Evaluation(1972),127;Reder,‘Chicago Economics—Permanence and Change’(1982),10-13;also chapter 1,above,24.
[11] Above,19;below,261-262.
[12] Above,173.
[13] Not in a pejorative sense,but used by several economists to indicate incon-sistent positions.
[14] The term is used in this sense by Blaug,‘Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics’(2007),198;Stiglitz,‘Invisible Hand’(1991),7;Samuelson,‘Succumbing to Keynesianism’(1985),5.
[15] For example,Little and Mirrlees,Project Appraisal and Planning(1974),372-373;Lal,Poverty of‘Development Economics’(1983),111-112.
[16] Harberger,Project Evaluation(1972),128-129.
[17] Little and Mirrlees,‘Project Appraisal and Planning Twenty Years On’(1990),372-373.
[18] Hirschman‘Rise and Fall of Development Economics’(1981).
[19] The term used,pejoratively,by Lal,Poverty of‘Development Economics’(1983).
[20] Berger et al.,‘Commercial Imperialism?’(2013).
[38] Barth et al.,‘Just How Big Is Too Big to Fail’(2014),10-11.
[39] Sachs,‘Managing the LDC Debt Crisis’(1986),399.
[40] Pastor,International Monetary Fund and Latin America(1987),89.
[41] Kregel,‘Negative Net Resource Transfers’(2006),15.
[42] Mishkin,The Economics of Money,Banking and Financial Markets(1998),chs.13-14;Wray,Modern Money Theory(2012);Palley,‘Horizontalists,Verticalists,and Structuralists’(2013);McLeay et al.,‘Money Creation in the Modern Economy’(2014).
[43] Offer,‘Narrow Banking’(2014).
[44] Cameron and Hershberg,Latin America.s Left Turns(2010);Weyland et al.,Leftist Governments in Latin America(2010).
[45] Sandbrook et al.,Social Democracy in the Global Periphery(2007),ch.6;Weyland et al.,Leftist Governments in Latin America(2010),ch.1.
[46] Sachs,‘Managing the LDC Debt Crisis’(1986),432-440.
[47] Polak,‘Changing Nature of IMF Conditionality’(1991);Boughton,Silent Revolution(2001),ch.13.
[48] Rodrik,‘Goodbye Washington Consensus’(2006),973.
[49] Meller,‘Comment’(1990),33,35.
[50] World Bank,East Asian Miracle(1993).
[51] Lewis,‘Economic Development with Unlimited Supply of Labour’(1954).
[52] Hirschman,‘The Rise and Decline of Development Economics’(1981).
[53] Klein,Shock Doctrine(2007),59-61.
[54] Caldwell and Montes,‘Friedrich Hayek and His Visits to Chile’(2014).
[55] Stiglitz,‘The Invisible Hand and Modern Welfare Economics’(1991),35.
[56] Stiglitz,Globalization and Its Discontents(2002),73;idem,‘Keynesian Economics and Critique of First Fundamental Theorem’(2002),quote n.10,60;idem,‘Round Table Discussion’(1990),430;idem,‘Invisible Hand’(1991).
[57] Stiglitz,Globalization and Its Discontents(2002),xii-xiv.
[58] Williamson,‘A Short History of the Washington Consensus’(2008),26.Italics added.
[59] Hayes,‘The U.S.and Latin America:A Lost Decade ’(1989).
[62] Vreeland,The IMF and Economic Development(2003).
[63] Naím,‘Washington Consensus:A Damaged Brand’(2002);Williamson,‘Our Agenda and the Washington Consensus’(2003),325-329;Rodrik,‘Goodbye Washington Consensus’(2006);Stiglitz,Globaliza-tion and Its Discontents(2002).
[64] Fischer,‘Comment’(1990),26;Stiglitz,Globalization and Its Discontents(2002),ch.4.
[65] Baker,Market and the Masses in Latin America(2009).
[66] Stiglitz,Globalization and Its Discontents(2002),chs.4-5.
[67] Wedel,Collusion and Corruption(1998);Reddaway and Glinski,The Tragedy of Russia.s Market Reforms(2001);Cohen,Failed Crusade(2002);Cornia and Paniccià,The Mortality Crisis in Transitional Economies(2000);Stiglitz,Glo-balization and Its Discontents(2002),ch.5.
[68] Zagha and Nankani,Economic Growth in the 1990s(2005);Rodrik,‘Good-bye Washington Consensus’(2006).
[69] Krueger,‘Meant Well’(2004).
[70] Offer,Why Has the Public Sector Grown So Large in Market Societies(2003),3,7-9,12,14-16.
[71] Naím,‘Corruption Eruption’(1995).
[72] For example,Bosman,‘Wisconsin Governor Signs Bill Limiting Political Corruption Inquiries’(2015).
[73] Grossman,‘The“Second Economy”of the USSR’(1977).
[74] Cockroft,Global Corruption(2012),ch.2.
[75] For example,Smith,‘Privatisation in Latin America’(2002);Cockroft,Global Corruption(2012),26-32.
[77] For example,Martimort and Straub,‘Privatization and Changes in Corruption Patterns’(2006),24-29;Nellis,‘Privatization — A Summary Assessment’(2006).
[78] For example,Elliott,Corruption and the Global Economy(1997);Abed,Governance,Corruption,and Economic Performance(2003).
[79] Transparency International,‘Corruptions Perception Index,1995-2013,27 Countries’(2013).The English-speaking countries in the index,Australia,Canada,Ireland,United Kingdom,United States,all declined a little.Also Hough,Corruption,Anti-Corruption and Governance(2013),ch.1.
[80] Smith,Wealth of Nations(1976),IV.5.8-9,528;Offer,‘Sympathy,Self-interest,and the Invisible Hand’(2012),5-6.
[81] Naím,‘Corruption Eruption’(1995);World Bank,World Development Report 1997:The State in a Changing World(1997),105.
[82] Abed and Gupta,‘The Economics of Corruption’(2003),15;Hough,Cor-ruption,Anti-Corruption and Governance(2013).
[83] Tanzi,‘Corruption around the World’(2003),24-38,p.25.
[84] La Porta et al.,‘Quality of Government’(1999),266;Rothstein,Quality of Government(2011),10.
[85] Naím,‘Corruption Eruption’(1995).
[86] Hawley,‘Exporting Corruption’(2000).
[87] Chapter 7,above,164-169.
[88] Above,204-205,213.
[89] Mueller,Public Choice III(2003).
[90] Wolf,Markets or Governments(1993).
[91] Shirley and Nellis,Public Enterprise Reform(1991),1-2.
[92] Tanzi,‘Fiscal Policy,Growth,and the Design of Stabilization Programs’(1987/1989),30.
[94] Nellis,‘Is Privatisation Necessary?’(1994);Tanzi and Schuknecht,‘Re-considering the Fiscal Role of Government’(1997),168.
[95] Coase,‘The Institutional Structure of Production’,Nobel Lecture 1991.
[96] For example,Manzetti,Privatization South American Style(1999).
[97] Vickers and Yarrow,Privatization(1988).
[98] Foreman-Peck and Millward,Public and Private Ownership(1994),218-219;Millward,‘Political Economy’(2000),170-173;Florio,Great Divesti-ture(2004),119-126;Florio,Network Industries(2013),331.
[99] For example,Nellis,‘Privatization — A Summary Assessment’(2006).
[100] Mandeville,Fable ofthe Bees(1714).
[101] Naím,‘Corruption Eruption’(1995).
[102] Fried,Contract as Promise(1981);Offer,‘Economy of Obligation’(2012),7-12.
[103] Arrow,‘Uncertainty and Medical Care’(1963),948-951;Arrow,‘Gifts and Exchanges’(1972),357.
[104] Rothstein,Quality of Government(2011),ch.10.
[105] Rose-Ackerman,Corruption(1978),ch.5;Naím,‘Bad Medicine’(2005);Tanzi,‘Corruption around the World’(2003),42-44.
[106] Wedeman,Double Paradox(2012).
[107] Lin,Demystifying the Chinese Economy(2012).
[108] Wedeman,Double Paradox(2012),5-13;Ko and Weng,‘Structural Changes in Chinese Corruption’(2012).
[109] Lewis and Stein,‘Shifting Fortunes’(1997);Cockroft,Global Corruption(2012),14-19.
[110] Graham and Naím,‘The Political Economy of Institutional Reform’(1998);Hough,Corruption and Anti-Corruption(2013),ch.2;Rodrik,‘Goodbye Washington Consensus’(2006),977-978.
[111] Kaufmann and Vincente,‘Legal Corruption’(2011).
[112] Budhoo,Enough Is Enough(1990).
[113] Stiglitz,Globalization and Its Discontents(2002),25-33.
[114] Sachs,‘Life in the Economic Emergency Room’(1994),516-520,esp.218.
[115] Willsher,‘Christine Lagarde,Scourge of Tax Evaders’(2012).
[116] Wedel,Collision and Collusion(1998),124-129;McClintick,‘How Har-vard Lost Russia’(2006);Ivry,‘Did an Exposé Help Sink Harvard.s President ’(2006).
[117] Shleifer and Vishny,‘Corruption’(1993).
[118] World Bank,Averting the Old Age Crisis(1994),chs.4,7.
[119] Barr,‘The Truth about Pension Reform’(2001);Offer,‘Economy of Ob-ligation’(2012);Orszag and Stiglitz,‘Rethinking Pension Reform:Ten Myths’(2001).
[120] Queisser,‘Pension Reform:Lessons from Latin America’(1999).
[121] Rohter,‘Chile.s Candidates Agree to Agree on Pension Woes’(2006).
[122] Holzmann et al.,Nonfinancial Defined Contribution Pension Schemes(2012).
[123] World Bank,Averting the Old-Age Crisis(1994),ch.7.
[124] Tanzi,‘Corruption around the World’(2003),26.
[125] Ginn and Arber,‘Personal Pension Take-up in the 1990s’(2000).
[126] Ferran,‘Regulatory Lessons from the Payment Protection Insurance Mis-selling Scandal’(2012).
[127] Neild,Public Corruption(2002);Rothstein,Quality of Government(2011),111-119;Rubinstein,‘The End of“Old Corruption”’(1983);Harling,The Waning of“Old Corruption”(1996).
[128] Neild,Public Corruption(2002),107-116.
[129] Business Week,‘Europe.s New Morality’(1995);Bull and Newell,Cor-ruption in Contemporary Politics(2003).
[130] Ferlie et al.,Oxford Handbook of Public Management(2005);Christensenand Laegreid,New Public Management(2011).
[131] Neild,Public Corruption(2002),198.Also Doig,‘Politics and Public Sector Ethics’(1996).
[132] For example,Monbiot,Captive State(2000);Pollock,NHS Plc.(2004);Craig and Brooks,Plundering the Public Sector(2006);Oborne,Triumph of the Political Class(2007);Craig,Squandered(2008);Craig and Elliott,Great European Rip-off(2009);Leys and Player,The Plot against the NHS(2011);Shaxson,Treasure Islands(2013);Brooks,The Great Tax Robbery(2013);Meek,Private Island(2014);Jones,The Establish-ment(2014);Whyte,How Corrupt Is Britain(2015).
[135] Leigh et al.,‘HSBC Files:Swiss Bank Aggressively Pushed Way for Clients to Avoid New Tax’(2015).
[136] Rothstein,Quality of Government(2011).
[137] Offer,‘Self-Interest,Sympathy and the Invisible Hand’(2012).
[138] Taylor-Gooby and Martin,‘Trends in Sympathy for the Poor’(2008).
[139] Rothstein,‘Ekonomipriset i Strid med Andan i Nobels Testamente’(2015).
[140] For example,Frank et al.,‘Do Economists Make Bad Citizens?’(1996);Zingales,Capitalismfor the People(2012),ch.10;Ruske,‘Does Eco-nomics Make Politicians Corrupt ’(2015).
[141] Rothstein,‘Proposal for an Investigation by the Royal Swedish Academy’(2015).Includes a list of references.