[2] Offer,‘Economy of Obligation’(2012);Hills,Good Times,Bad Times(2015).
[3] Lucas,Models of Business Cycles(1987),54-69.
[4] Ward,What.s Wrong with Economics(1972),40;Mayer,Truth and Precision in Economics(1993);Hutchison,On the Methodology of Economics and the Formalist Revolution(2000).
[5] Mayer,Truth and Precision in Economics(1993),24-31.
[6] Samuelson,Economists and the History of Ideas(1962),18,acknowledged to the philosopher and economist Frank Ramsey.The source is William Blake,The Marriage of Heaven and Hell(1790),no.69.
[7] Angner,‘Economists as Experts:Overconfidence in Theory and Practice’(2006);Milberg,‘The Rhetoric of Policy Relevance in International Eco-nomics’(1996),243,247,250.
[8] Chapter 5,above,109.
[9] Elster,‘Excessive Ambitions’(2009),20.He made an exception for Kahne-man.
[10] Ibid.,6,23-24.
[11] he next few pages derive from Offer,‘Charles Hilliard Feinstein’(2008);Studenski,The Income of Nations(1967);Kendrick,‘Historical Development of National-Income Accounts’(1970);Carson,‘History of the United States National Income and Product Accounts’(1975);Vanoli,A History of National Accounting(2005).
[12] Lundberg,‘Simon Kuznets’Contribution to Economics’(1971),460;Fo-gel,‘Simon S.Kuznets’(2000).
[13] Stone and Rowe,The Measurement of Consumers’Expenditure and Behaviour(1954),xxiv.
[14] Italics in original.
[15] Leontief,‘Implicit Theorizing’(1937);idem,‘Theoretical Assumptions and Nonobserved Facts’(1971).
[16] Foley,‘Interview with Leontief’(1998),121,126.
[17] Ibid.,117-118.
[18] Martin,‘Resurrecting the UK Historic Sector National Accounts’(2009);Williams,‘John Williams’Shadow Government Statistics’.
[19] Popper,The Open Society and Its Enemies(1945/1957),II,222.
[20] Chapter 1,above,28-33.
[21] Mayer,‘The Twilight of the Monetarism Debate’(1990).
[22] Mayer,‘The Twilight of the Monetarism Debate’(1990);Pierce,‘Monetar-ism:The Good,the Bad and the Ugly’(1995).
[23] Myrdal,Political Element in the Development of Economic Theory(1930/1990).
[24] Cherrier,‘Gunnar Myrdal and the Scientific Way to Social Democracy’(2009);Jackson,Gunnar Myrdal and America.s Conscience(1990);Barber,Gunnar Myrdal(2008).
[25] Haavelmo,‘Econometrics and the Welfare State’,Nobel Lecture 1989.
[26] North,‘Economic Performance through Time’,Nobel Lecture 1993.
[27] Smith,‘Constructivist and Ecological Rationality in the Economics’,Nobel Lecture 2002;Offer,‘Between the Gift and the Market:The Economy of Regard’(1997).
[28] Smith,‘Constructivist and Ecological Rationality in the Economics’,Nobel Lecture 2002.
[31] Okun,Equality and Efficiency:The Big Tradeoff(1975).
[32] Becker,Economic Approach to Human Behavior(1976),5.
[33] An extreme proponent is the otherwise sceptical NPW Shiller,The New Fi-nancial Order(2003).
[34] Myrdal,Political Element(1930/1990),xli;Carlson,The State as Monster(1994),198-203.
[35] Alvaredo et al.,‘The Top 1 Percent in Historical Perspective’(2013).
[36] Downs,An Economic Theory of Democracy(1957);Olson,The Logic of Col-lective Action(1965);Kreps,Game Theory and Economic Modelling(1990);Buchanan and Tullock,The Calculus of Consent(1962).See above,24,160.
[37] Rawls,A Theory of Justice(1971);Green and Shapiro,Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory(1994).
[38] Coase,‘The Institutional Structure of Production’,Nobel Lecture 1991.
[39] Hines,‘Three Sides of Harberger Triangles’(1999);and see below,199-203.
[40] Stigler,‘Economic Theory of Regulation’(1971);Krueger,‘The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society’(1974).
[42] Brennan and Pettit,‘Hands Invisible and Intangible’(1993),191.
[43] Samuelson,‘An Exact Consumption-Loan Model of Interest with or without the Social Contrivance of Money’(1958).
[44] Samuelson,‘Aspects of Public-Expenditure Theories’(1958),336.
[45] Arrow,‘Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care’(1963).
[46] Friedman,Capitalism and Freedom(1962),ch.9;first explored in Friedman and Kuznets,Incomefrom Independent Professional Practice(1945).
[47] Arrow,‘Gifts and Exchanges’(1972);McLean and Poulton,‘Good Blood,Bad Blood’(1986);Mellstrom and Johannesson,‘Crowding Out in Blood Donation’(2008).
[48] Sen,‘The Possibility of Social Choice’,Nobel Lecture 1998.
[49] Arrow et al.,‘Are We Consuming Too Much ’(2004).
[50] Hacker,The Great Risk Shift(2006);Hacker and Pierson,Winner-Takes-All Politics(2013);Sabadish and Morrisey,‘Retirement Inequality Chart-book’(2013).
[51] Offer,‘Economy of Obligation’(2012);Bogle,Battlefor the Soul of Capi-talism(2005),ch.7.
[52] Barnett and Solow,‘Interview with Franco Modigliani’(2007),106.
[53] Offer,‘Economy of Obligation’(2012).
[54] Modigliani and Muralidhar,Rethinking Pension Reform(2004),ch.2;Turner,Between Debt and the Devil(2015).
[55] For example,Feldstein,‘Rethinking Social Insurance’(2005).
[56] Poterba,‘Interview with Martin Feldstein’(2007),202.
[57] Modigliani and Muralidhar,Rethinking Pension Reform(2004).
[58] Hagen,‘History of the Swedish Pension System’(2013).
[59] Some described by Smith,‘Constructivist and Ecological Rationality in Eco-nomics’,Nobel Lecture 2002.
[60] Akerlof and Shiller,Phishingfor Phools(2015).
[61] Mirrlees,‘Information and Incentives:The Economics of Carrots and Sticks’,Nobel Lecture 1996.
[63] Mankiw et al.,‘Optimal Taxation in Theory and Practice’(2009).
[64] Mirrlees et al.,Tax by Design(2011).
[65] Ibid.,vol.2,32.
[66] Piketty et al.,‘Optimal Taxation of Top Labor Incomes’(2014),238.
[67] Mirrlees,‘Information and Incentives:The Economics of Carrots and Sticks’,Nobel Lecture 1996,33.
[68] Davis et al.,Mirror,Mirror on the Wall(2010);Offer,‘Warrant for Pain’(2012);Pritchard,‘Comparing the USA,UK and 17 Western Countries’(2011).
[69] Diamond and Saez,‘The Case for a Progressive Tax’(2011);Atkinson,‘The Mirrlees Review’(2012);Piketty et al.,‘Optimal Taxation of Top Labor Incomes’(2014);Boadway,From Optimal Tax Theory to Tax Policy(2012).
[70] Offer,The Challenge of Affluence(2006),chs.3-4;Atkinson,‘The Mirrlees Review’(2012),778-779.
[71] Mirrlees,Nobel Lecture,32.
[72] Atkinson,‘The Mirrlees Review’(2012).
[73] Osberg,‘The Equity/Efficiency Tradeoff in Retrospect’(1995);Ostry et al.,‘Redistribution,Inequality,and Growth’(2014);Cingano,‘Trends in Income Inequality and Its Impact on Economic Growth’(2014);Dabla-Norris et al.,‘Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality’(2015).
[74] On hybrid theories,Kohn,‘Value and Exchange’(2004).
[75] Atkinson,‘The Mirrlees Review’(2012),774.
[76] Piketty,Capital in the Twenty-First Century(2014),514,and n.55,640.