[1] Cash values in http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/prize_amounts_13.pdf.
[2] Gerald T.Dunne to Milton Friedman,16 October 1976,Hoover Institution,Friedman Papers Box 6/4.
[3] Friedman and Friedman,Two Lucky People(1998),453.
[4] English,Economy of Prestige(2005),chs.1-3.
[5] Documents in Hoover Institution,Hayek Papers 4/10.
[6] Friedman,Politics of Excellence(2001),272.
[7] De Champs,‘Organizing the Nobel Festival Day’(2000).
[8] Friedman,Two Lucky People(1998),451.
[9] Hayek to Stig Ramel,24 December 1974,Hoover Institution,Hayek Papers 47/10.
[10] Levine and Ames,‘Charles Koch to Friedrich Hayek:Use Social Security!’(2011).
[11] Distinguished diplomat,scholar and economist,respectively.
[12] Friedman to Ralph Harris,6 May 1975,Hoover Institution,Friedman Papers Box 85/7.
[13] Arrow to Friedman,14 October 1976,Friedman Papers Box 6/3.
[14] Crane to Friedman,14 October 1976,Friedman Papers Box 6/4.
[15] Popper to Friedman,16 October 1976,Friedman Papers Box 6/9.
[16] Friedman,The Politics of Excellence(2001);Feldman,The Nobel Prize(2000).
[17] Myrdal,‘The Nobel Prize in Economics’(1977);Lindbeck,‘The Prize in Economic Science’(1985);Ingemar Ståhl,‘The Prize in Economic Science and Maurice Allais’(1990);Nasar,A Beautiful Mind(1998),ch.48.We have interviewed three former members of the economics committee,including two former chairmen.
[18] Feldman Nobel Prize(2000),69-70.
[19] What follows is from Friedman,Politics of Excellence(2001).
[21] Lindbeck,‘The Prize in Economic Science’(1985).
[22] Myrdal,‘The Nobel Prize in Economic Science’(1977),50;Ståhl,‘The Prize in Economic Science’(1990),6.
[23] English,Economy of Prestige(2005),ch.8.
[24] Personal experience.
[25] Above,18-20;below,243;Hutchison,‘From The Wealth of Nations to Modern General Equilibrium Theory’(2000).
[26] Brennan and Pettit,Economy of Esteem(2004).
[27] Smith,Wealth of Nations(1776/1976),bk.1,ch.10.
[28] PerÅsbrink to Gez.Hölzer,27 May 1968,Bank of Sweden Archives,P.Åsbrinks Korrespondens 1968.
[29] Available at https://youtube/watch?v=EYPapE-3FRw.
[30] Friedman,Reconsidering Logical Positivism(1999);Backhouse,‘The Riseand Fall of Popper and Lakatos in Economics’(2012).
[31] Above,22.
[32] Dawid,String Theory and the Scientific Method(2013).
[33] Hausman,The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics(1992),125;Rosenberg,Economics:Mathematical Politics or Science of Diminishing Re-turns?(1992).
[34] Mäki,‘Realism’(2008),437.
[35] Friedman,‘The Methodology of Positive Economics’(1953).
[36] Ibid.,14.
[37] This episode is described in Anon.,‘Imre Lakatos’,World Heritage Encyclo-paedia(n.d.,but after 2012).The relevant letters cited are Friedman to Spiro Latsis,6 December 1972,and Lat-sis to Friedman,27 January 1973,Hoover Institution,Friedman Papers Box 29/36,and Lakatos to Friedman,2 February 1973,Friedman Papers Box 29/32.Also personal communication,John Latsis.Thanks to Carol A.Leadenham for providing copies.
[38] Anon.,‘Imre Lakatos’(n.d.);Leslie,‘Revisiting the Revisionist History of Standard Oil’(2012).
[39] ‘F’for Friedman.Archibald,Samuelson and Simon,‘Problems of Method-ology’(1963);See Mäki,‘The Methodology of Positive Economics’(2009).
[40] Arguably,the logical positivists had been no different in that respect(Fried-man,‘The Re-Evaluation of Logical Positivism’[1991]).
[41] Feyerabend,Against Method:Outline ofan Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge(1975).
[42] Klamer,Conversations with the New Classical Economists(1985);McCloskey,Knowledge and Persuasion in Economics(1994).
[43] De Marchi,The Popperian Legacy in Economics(1988);Backhouse,‘The Rise and Fall of Popper and Lakatos in Economics’(2012).
[44] As reflected in the collected volumes,Backhouse,New Directions in Economic Methodology(1994)and Mäki,Philosophy of Economics(2012).The most no-table(and distinguished)exceptions were Mark Blaug,Methodology of Economics(1992),and Kevin Hoover(for example,The New Classical Macroeco-nomics[1988]).Also Mayer,Truth versus Precision in Economics(1993),and T.W.Hutchison in several works.
[45] Haavelmo,‘Econometrics and the Welfare State’,Nobel Lecture 1989.
[46] Spanos,‘Philosophy of Econometrics’(2012).
[47] Leontief,‘Theoretical Assumptions and Non-observed Facts’(1971),3.
[48] Leamer,‘Let.s Take the Con Out of Econometrics’(1983);Hendry,‘Econ-ometrics:Alchemy or Science?’(1980);Spanos,‘Econometrics in Retro-spect and Prospect’(2006),32-34.
[49] Sims,‘Macroeconomics and Reality’(1980).
[50] Hendry,‘The Nobel Memorial Prize for Clive W.J.Granger’(2004).
[51] Spanos,‘Econometrics in Retrospect and Prospect’(2006),18;Qin,History of Econometrics(2013),ch.1.
[52] Leamer,‘Tantalus on the Road to Asymptotia’(2010),36.
[53] Duvendack et al.,‘Replications in Economics:A Progress Report’(2014),22.
[54] Ioannidis,‘Why Most Published Research Findings Are False’(2005),e124.
[55] Spanos,‘Econometrics in Retrospect and Prospect’(2006),44.
[56] Mayer,Truth Versus Precision in Economics(1993),ch.10.
[57] Canterbury and Burkhardt,‘What Do We Mean by Asking Whether Economics Is a Science?’(1983),31;Caldwell,Beyond Positivism(1982),231.
[58] All this in Leamer,‘Let.s Take the Con Out of Econometrics’(1983).
[59] Hamermesh,‘Six Decades of Top Economics Publishing:Who and How?’(2013).
[60] Koopmans,‘Measurement without Theory’(1947).
[61] Backhouse and Cherrier,‘Becoming Applied:The Transformation of Eco-nomics after 1970’(2014).
[62] Angrist and Pischke,‘The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics’(2010);Card et al.,‘The Role of Theory in Field Experiments’(2011).
[63] Chapter 6,below,147.
[64] More detail,chapter 7,below,153-157.
[65] Smith,‘Constructivist and Ecological Rationality in Economics’,Nobel Lec-ture 2002,505,n.11.
[66] Rodrik,‘Why We Learn Nothing from Regressing Economic Growth on Poli-cies’(2012);.gert,‘The 90%Public Debt Threshold’(2013).
[67] Davidson,‘Reality and Economic Theory’(1996).
[68] Mlynar,Night Frost in Prague(1978/1980),2-3.
[69] Lundberg,‘Award Ceremony Speech’(1969).
[70] Frisch,‘The Use of Models:Experience and Prospects’,Nobel Lecture 1969(delivered 17 June 1970).
[71] Tovar,‘DSGE Models and Central Banks’(2008).
[72] Tinbergen,‘From Utopian Theory to Practical Applications:The Case of Econometrics’,Nobel Lecture 1969,6.
[73] Assar Lindbeck,Nobel Award Ceremony Speech 1970.
[74] Samuelson,‘Maximum Principles in Analytical Economics’,Nobel Lecture 1970,67.
[80] Hayek,‘The Pretence of Knowledge’,Nobel Lecture 1974.
[81] Hayek,‘The Pretence of Knowledge’,Nobel Lecture 1974;Hayek,‘Scien-tism and the Study of Society’(1942).
[82] Hayek,‘Pretence of Knowledge’,Nobel Lecture 1974,4.
[83] Friedman,Two Lucky People(1998),457.
[84] Friedman,‘Inflation and Unemployment’,Nobel Lecture 1976.
[85] Friedman,Two Lucky People(1998),453-454.
[86] Mayer,‘The Twilight of the Monetarism Debate’(1990).
[87] Myrdal,‘The Nobel Prize in Economic Science’(1977),51.
[88] Myrdal,Political Element(1930/1990).
[89] Myrdal,‘The Nobel Prize in Economic Science’(1977),51.
[90] Chapter 5,below.
[91] Stigler,The Process and Progress of Economics’,Nobel Lecture 1982,60.
[92] Canterbery and Burkhardt,‘What Do We Mean by Asking Whether Econom-ics Is a Science’(1983);Samuelson,‘Economists and the History of Ideas’(1962),17.
[93] Ibid.,18.
[94] Allais,‘An Outline of My Main Contributions to Economic Science’Nobel Lecture 1988.
[95] Smith,‘Constructivist and Ecological Rationality in the Economics’,Nobel Lecture 2002,511.
[96] Little,Critique of Welfare Economics(1957),ch.6;Atkinson,‘The Mirrlees Review’(2012),799.
[97] Blaug,‘Confessions of an Unrepentant Popperian’(1994),118-119.
[98] Offer,‘Charles Hilliard Feinstein 1932-2004’(2008),197-198;Leontief,‘Theoretical Assumptions and Nonobserved Facts’(1971);Foley,‘An Interview with Wassily Leontief’(1998),117-118,125-128.
[99] Archibald et al,‘Problems of Methodology:Discussion’(1963),236.
[100] Hayek,‘Pretence of Knowledge’,Nobel Lecture 1974,5.
[101] Schumpeter,History of Economic Analysis(1954),19.
[102] Quoted by Myrdal,Political Element(1930/1990),Swedish preface,xiii.
[103] Myrdal,‘Asian Drama’(1968),46.
[104] Selman and Leighton,Punishmentfor Sale(2010).